ORIGINAL RESEARCH ARTICLE
RAMESH BABU AREMANDA; Daniel Tekleweyni; Samuel Tuquabo; Samuel Ghebregziabher; Aklilu Tesfagiorgis
Abstract
Food and agricultural industry expend maximum fresh water sources in the world. Unfortunately, Eritrean water resource completely depends on seasonal rainfalls which are inherently uncertain and insufficient due to ever posing global climate change issues. consequently, the country is striving to manage ...
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Food and agricultural industry expend maximum fresh water sources in the world. Unfortunately, Eritrean water resource completely depends on seasonal rainfalls which are inherently uncertain and insufficient due to ever posing global climate change issues. consequently, the country is striving to manage its available limited water sources. In connection, to mitigate with currently challenging water supply problems, a comprehensive water assessment survey carried out for a vegetable soup making process at Barka Canneries, a food processing industry managed by Eritrean Live Stock Corporation. The two-week survey study revealed that the specific water consumption as 8.73 L/kg of soup while wastewater estimated as 8.39 L/kg of soup by leaving 0.3468 L of water in every kg of the soup product. Specifically, vegetable preparations consume about 54 % of total fresh water and generate 72% of total wastes while canning and cooking sections consume 31% and 15%, and generate 25% and 3% of waste respectively. Further, water consumption rates in vegetable preparation section depends on variety of vegetables and their quantities used for the recipe. In addition, there are several choices available to mitigate with currently challenging water supply issues by reusing wastewater for secondary applications.
ORIGINAL RESEARCH ARTICLE
Shamsudeen Muhammad Muhammad; Abubakar Muhammad Sani
Abstract
Access to safe drinking water is a basic human right critical for health, yet a large portion of the global population lacks adequate and uncontaminated water sources. This study aimed to assess the bacteriological quality and public health risks of well water in Zuru. Twelve (12) samples from wells ...
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Access to safe drinking water is a basic human right critical for health, yet a large portion of the global population lacks adequate and uncontaminated water sources. This study aimed to assess the bacteriological quality and public health risks of well water in Zuru. Twelve (12) samples from wells used for drinking purposes were collected across four (4) areas (Rikoto, Jarkasa, Zango, and Tudun wada). Standard Plate Count and Total Coliform Count were conducted using the Spread Plate Method and Most Probable Number Technique, respectively. The risk of contamination was evaluated using the World Health Organization's sanitary inspection checklist and guidelines for drinking water quality. The results showed a range of bacterial loads of 14.3±4.04x105- 76.5±31.34x105 CFU/mL and MPN ranged from 290-9.1MPN/100ML. Various bacterial contaminants, including Escherichia coli, Vibrio spp, Enterobacter aerogenes, Klebsiella, and Staphylococcus aureus were isolated. Escherichia coli (33.33%), Vibrio spp (25%), and Staphylococcus aureus (16.66%) were the most frequently isolated contaminants. Based on WHO criteria, eight wells were categorized as posing a very high risk. Factors such as proximity to rubbish, standing water within 2 meters of the well, cracks in concrete walls, and uncovered wells were associated with higher contamination rates. The findings indicate significant contamination in a substantial proportion of the well water samples used for drinking purposes. To mitigate public health risks associated with contaminated well water, it is recommended to focus on sanitation improvements, proper construction and maintenance of wells, and fostering collaboration among local authorities, community leaders, and stakeholders.
ORIGINAL RESEARCH ARTICLE
Erewari Ukoha-Onuoha; Raymond Alex Ekemube; John Chris Nnamdi
Abstract
The effect of storm water runoff microbiological pollution loads on surface water was studied. Runoff samples were collected from tarred road around the faculty buildings and from a primary drain in the Rivers State University campus and labelled sample points A and B respectively. Water sample from ...
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The effect of storm water runoff microbiological pollution loads on surface water was studied. Runoff samples were collected from tarred road around the faculty buildings and from a primary drain in the Rivers State University campus and labelled sample points A and B respectively. Water sample from downstream and upstream of Eagle Island River were also collected and labelled C and D respectively. Sampling was done using standard methods in the months of August, September, and October. Microbiological characteristics including total heterotrophic bacteria (THB), total coliform bacteria (TCB), and total fecal coliform bacteria (TFCB) were analyzed. THB analysis of the water samples revealed least count in the month of August (1.00 x 103 cfu/ml) at sampling point B and highest count in the month of October (5.10x 104 cfu/ml) at sampling point D. While TCB counts were least (1.30 x 10 cfu/ml) and highest (3.40x 10 cfu/ml) at points B and D in the months of October and September respectively. TFCB count was highest in the month of October at point B, and unlike THB and TCB, the TFCB counts had little dependence on rainfall depth. These results indicate that the impact of the university campus runoff on the microbial characteristics of the Eagle Island River is minimal. However, the primary drain of the university could be infiltrated with septic tank leakages. Also, that the Eagle Island River poses a medium to high potential health risk for users.
Review Paper
SUKANTA MANDAL
Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 29 March 2024
Abstract
Planning for watersheds greatly depends on the study of drainage basins and watersheds using morphometric characteristics. The most effective way to determine how different elements relate to one another in the watershed is through morphometric analysis. In spite of the fact that this field of research ...
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Planning for watersheds greatly depends on the study of drainage basins and watersheds using morphometric characteristics. The most effective way to determine how different elements relate to one another in the watershed is through morphometric analysis. In spite of the fact that this field of research has been the subject of several scientific articles, each parameter's standardization and implications remain unknown. Evaluating the value of each morphometric parameter is quite perplexing. With sufficient contextual information, this research addresses the significance of the values of the various morphometric parameters. Every categorization, the range of values, and their ramifications are reviewed critically. The writers are concerned with the quality of input data, both in terms of data preparation and mapping scale and detail level, in addition to categorization and its effects. We hope that this review study will provide a thorough explanation to aid future morphometric analysis research. thirteen important morphometric parameters are included in this review work.
ORIGINAL RESEARCH ARTICLE
mohammed nazhan mahdi; iman nazhan mahdi
Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 29 March 2024
Abstract
The significance of water quality was acknowledged by scientists and researchers, as aquatic systems are especially susceptible to many kinds of pollution. Identifying elements of water quality is important when relating to environmental elements. This research included a study of some of the physical ...
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The significance of water quality was acknowledged by scientists and researchers, as aquatic systems are especially susceptible to many kinds of pollution. Identifying elements of water quality is important when relating to environmental elements. This research included a study of some of the physical and chemical properties of the water of the Al-Ishaqi irrigation project, physical analyzes it included the following characteristics which are TDS values ranged between (305-256) mg/L , EC (530-443) µmohs/cm, while the chemical analyzes included SO4 (62-31) mg/L, Cl (45-21) mg/L, K (3.8-2)mg/L, Na (25-19)mg/L, and the pH (8.1-6.85) . An evaluation quality of water for drinking purposes and irrigation of agricultural lands and animals and its suitability for concrete mixtures. The results showed that the water is suitable as a direct source for water treatment stations and for human, livestock, poultry and agricultural uses. It also showed that there is no negative effect on the concrete mixtures and on the Reinforcement, After comparing the results of the physical and chemical analysis of water samples taken from three areas along the Ishaqi irrigation project with international and Iraqi standards.
ORIGINAL RESEARCH ARTICLE
Usongo A Patience
Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 30 March 2024
Abstract
The study assessed the effects of banana production on water channeled through the plantations with a view to make plantation agriculture sustainable through a better understanding of its impact on water quality parameters. Primary and secondary data were used for the research. The study adopted a 5x3x2 ...
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The study assessed the effects of banana production on water channeled through the plantations with a view to make plantation agriculture sustainable through a better understanding of its impact on water quality parameters. Primary and secondary data were used for the research. The study adopted a 5x3x2 factorial design for five plantation age series and for water source treatment with three levels (water before entering plantation, within plantation and water after leaving the plantation) and seasonal treatment with 2 levels (dry season and rainy season). One-way ANOVA was used to analyse the data followed by multiple comparisons to further separate significant levels if overall significant treatment differences exist. Simple bivariate correlations were used to determine the strength and nature of the relationship between banana ages and water properties. Results revealed a significant site difference in the levels of Na+, K+, Ca+, Mg2+ and pH. The cations were higher in the water within the plantations than the control site. Water pH became more acidic as the water flows through the plantations into nearby streams. A significant seasonal difference in Ca, Mg and pH was also noticed with the values of Ca and Mg higher in water during the rainy season and that of pH lower. The study concluded that banana plantations affect negatively water characteristics and poses a serious threat to man and aquatic organisms. To ensure the sustainability of the plantation, the study suggest the use of organic fertilisers and creation of buffer zones.
ORIGINAL RESEARCH ARTICLE
RAMESH BABU AREMANDA; Daniel Tekleweyni; Samuel Tuquabo; Samuel Ghebregziabher
Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 30 March 2024
Abstract
Climate change exacerbates water scarcity disputes by disrupting the water cycle, increasing water stress, impacting ecosystems, and necessitating adaptation strategies to ensure sustainable water management. In Eritrea, access to clean water remains crucial for local businesses. As the Eritrea’s ...
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Climate change exacerbates water scarcity disputes by disrupting the water cycle, increasing water stress, impacting ecosystems, and necessitating adaptation strategies to ensure sustainable water management. In Eritrea, access to clean water remains crucial for local businesses. As the Eritrea’s Dairy Value-Chain is aligned with national development goals to achieve sustainable development, it is pertinent to claim currently existing dairy industries in terms of water use and wastewater generates. Thus an eight weeks’ study at Asmara Dairy, operates at an annual capacity of 3 million liters of milk intake; focused on assessment of water use and effluents discharge. The study reveals that the plant consumes 8600 of fresh water, and generates 8110 of wastes per annum. Further, the specific water use and discharged wastes are determined as 2.93 and 2.76 L/L of milk intake, which are quite higher than the reported ranges. However, the cleaning operations remained major contributors, acquiring more than 40 % of total water utilization and wastes generation as well. Albeit, Asmara Dairy utilize quite less water when compared with local industries, effluents of dairy impose high risks on environment due to their concentrated organic loadings. Moreover, adapting reduce-reuse-recycle strategies in water management through breaking mental barriers among employees and industry authorities could make significant progress towards sustainable operations.
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